Cognitive behavioural therapy, or CBT, is a structured talking therapy that looks at how thoughts, feelings and actions affect each other and builds practical strategies for daily life.
CBT is usually time-limited, with a set number of sessions and tasks to try between them. It focuses on what is happening now rather than on early childhood.
Standard CBT was not designed around ADHD or autism. Adapted versions for ADHD focus on planning, time, procrastination and the self-criticism that builds up after years of being called lazy. NICE guidance for adults with ADHD includes structured psychological support, which can include CBT, as an option for some adults.
For autistic adults, CBT is often adapted too: more literal language, written summaries and fewer assumptions about how emotions are described. If a therapist has never adapted CBT for a neurodivergent client, it's fair to ask how they would.